it has been shown to influence nonhematopoietic tissues and may impact body weight and glucose control. Apart from its peripheral production and actions, limited evidence exists showing that EPO or its [...] observed that the hypothalamus is a key site for the production and action of neural EPO. They also found that brain EPO decreases with aging and dietary obesity. Hypothalamic EPO treatment in aging or obesity [...] obesity offered benefits in muscle protection as well as in metabolic protection against energy and glucose imbalance.

weight and adipocyte size, and decreased glucose/TG levels. Their results also suggest that overexpression of Lcn2 preserves adipose tissue function and prevents age-related glucose intolerance and liver [...] insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is a circulating factor secreted from adipose tissue in response to obesity, inflammation, and nutrient/growth signals. Deis, Guo

combined loss of GLP-1R and Y2R signaling had only minor effects on body weight, fat mass, and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, RYGB was just as effective in lowering body weight and adiposity as well as [...] bypass (RYGB) results in large and sustained weight loss. It is thought that the beneficial effects of RYGB are mediated, at least in part, by the gut hormones GLP-1 and PYY. Boland, Mumphrey, et al. [...] as improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.

by an interplay of central and peripheral clocks, with a master pacemaker being located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and subordinate clocks in non-SCN central and peripheral tissues. Kolbe et [...] to drive behavioral and peripheral clock network rhythms. In constant conditions, however, the synchronizing capacity of the master clock becomes key for this synchronization and metabolic homeostasis [...] et al. used SCN pacemaker knockout mice to dissect the role of central and peripheral clock function in metabolic homeostasis. They show that a functional SCN clock is not needed to sustain metabolic health

syndrome , cancer, and neurological disease . Sphingolipids (SLs) are synthesized from serine and fatty acyl-CoAs by serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) and are critical signaling molecules and membrane components [...] components that are enriched in the nervous system and retina . Full text All Articles

described. Keuper and colleagues determined the bioenergetic profile of preadipocytes and adipocytes from female and male donors. They found that preadipocytes retain gender differences in vitro, and cells from [...] oxidative metabolism. Metabolic flexibility may assist to sustain metabolic health better as age- and BMI-matched men.

thermogenesis and browning in adipose tissue in vivo. Interventions that increase TBX15 expression may provide new therapeutic strategies to promote thermogenesis and combat obesity and related metabolic [...] important role in the adipogenesis of primary brown and beige adipocyte precursors. To further elucidate its role in adipose tissues, Sun, Zhao, and colleagues generated adipose-specific Tbx15 knockout

collagens, elastin and fibronectin, and may be driven by chronic inflammation, adipocyte dysfunction, fibroblast activation and ECM remodeling. Fibrosis impairs the expandability and function of adipose [...] adipose tissue, leading to ectopic fat deposition and systemic insulin resistance. Full text All Articles

(SIRM) studies. METHODS: Six-to eight-week-old WT and KO mice and 12- to 15-month-old liver tumor-bearing mice were injected with [U- 13 C 5 , 15 N 2 ]-L-Gln, and polar metabolites from the liver tissues were [...] explored. Since glutamine (Gln) is a critical energy and anaplerotic source for mammalian cells, we assessed Gln metabolism in control wild type (WT) mice and miR-122 knockout (KO) mice by stable isotope resolved [...] imaging and ion chromatography-mass spectrometry (IC-MS). Gln-metabolism was also assessed in a Gln-dependent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line (EC4). Expressions of glutaminases (Gls and Gls2) were

to explain how and why bioenergetic adaptation occurs in cancer. However, it is now generally accepted that nutrient availability and need influence cancer cell metabolism heterogeneity and that a dynamic [...] dynamic interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) enable metabolic flexibility to support tumor growth, cancer progression, and evasion of death. Full text All Articles [...] Volume 86 | August 2024 Cover Story Cancer cells require energy to grow, perform work, transform, and replicate. Like all eukaryotic cells , adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cancer cells serves as the principal

primarily as an energy reservoir, and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which contributes to thermoregulation. AT lipidomics analyses have reported differences between BAT and WAT and demonstrated remodeling upon [...] With their method, they not only observe clear differences between BAT and WAT lipidomes, but also amongst WAT subtypes, i.e. gonadal and inguinal subcutaneous ATs. [...] upon exercise or cold exposure. However, these studies applied generic methods of lipid extraction and measurement rather than techniques tailored to these tissues. Grzybek, Palladini, et al. present a shotgun

Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis states that the gestational and immediate postnatal environments influence long-term offspring health and play a role in adult disease etiology. Elsakr and colleagues [...] to determine the consequences of exposure to Western-Style Diet (WSD) in utero and during lactation on islet cell mass and function in the offspring. Islets from offspring whose mothers had received WSD

monoacylglycerols (MAGs), and their metabolites, the levels of which are increased in the intestine after meals. GPR40 and 120 are well-known receptors for dietary long-chain fatty acids and their metabolites [...] involved in physiological regulation, including regulation of metabolism and feeding behavior, through the secretion of gut hormones and generation of signals via receptors in response to nutrients. Several [...] (2-OG)], lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs) [i.e. oleoylethanolamide (OEA)]. Although enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, and neural fibers have been postulated to sense

cardiovascular disease, and hepatic carcinoma later in life. Wesolowski and colleagues tested switching obese female non-human primates to a healthy diet prior to pregnancy and found improved fetal hypoxemia [...] hypoxemia, hepatic metabolites, and lipotoxicity.

central energy balance. MCH knockout mice are lean and have increased energy expenditure and locomotor activity. Chee et al. sought the place of action of MCH and found that MCH regulates locomotor activity via [...] via GABAergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens, and that it does so in part by inhibiting dopamine release.