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In 1902, Ralph Larrabee provided intriguing evidence suggesting parallels between the changes in white blood cell counts observed in Boston Marathon runners and those seen in specific disease states. Notably he also noted a considerable leukocytosis of the inflammatory type, suggesting a potential link between extreme exercise and inflammatory responses. This early observation laid the groundwork for further investigations into the complex relationship between exercise intensity, immune system activation, and health outcomes, igniting an ongoing debate about the impact of exercise on the immune system.

Today we know exercise shows quantifiable and observable benefits to human health across multiple scales, but the specific genetic and biological processes and pathways underlying these benefits remain unclear. This is primarily caused by individuals exhibiting significant physiological variations in their response to exercise training, coupled with the diverse methods, subjects and timelines used in studying this phenomenon, which impacts the potential for clear and reproducible analysis. A deeper grasp of the metabolic and cellular impacts of exercise could lead to more targeted exercise approaches. Additionally, unraveling the molecular shifts induced by various exercise methods may hasten the identification of pharmaceutical targets for improving metabolic well-being. To combat the global pandemic of physical inactivity and its associated toll of 5.3 million deaths annually, we must gain a better understanding of the fundamental principles governing physical activity’s benefits.

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Current Issue

Sotiria Tavoulari, Denis Lacabanne, Gonçalo C. Pereira, Chancievan Thangaratnarajah, ... Edmund R.S. Kunji

Stina Ramne, Mario García-Ureña, Matthew P. Gillum, Lars Ängquist, ... Niels Grarup

William J. Smiles, Ashley J. Ovens, Jonathan S. Oakhill, Barbara Kofler

Anggi Muhtar Pratama, Mansi Sharma, Srivatsava Naidu, Heike Bömmel, ... Srikanth Karnati

Konrad Klimek, Xinyu Chen, Takanori Sasaki, Daniel Groener, ... Takahiro Higuchi

Raian E. Contreras, Tim Gruber, Ismael González-García, Sonja C. Schriever, ... Paul T. Pfluger

Danny N. Legge, Tracey J. Collard, Ewelina Stanko, Ashley J. Hoskin, ... Emma E. Vincent

Michael F. Keating, Christine Yang, Yingying Liu, Eleanor AM. Gould, ... Brian G. Drew

Sumin Lee, Yoon Keun Cho, Heeseong Kim, Cheoljun Choi, ... Yun-Hee Lee

Robin Roychaudhuri, Timothy West, Soumyaroop Bhattacharya, Harry G. Saavedra, ... Solomon H. Snyder

Patricia Rada, Elena Carceller-López, Ana B. Hitos, Beatriz Gómez-Santos, ... Ángela M. Valverde

Ivana M. Gomez, Maia Uriarte, Gimena Fernandez, Franco Barrile, ... Mario Perello

Aina Lluch, Jèssica Latorre, Núria Oliveras-Cañellas, Ana Fernández-Sánchez, ... Asha Kar

Haizhen Wang, Cyrus Nikain, Konstantinos I. Fortounas, Jaume Amengual, ... Edward A. Fisher

Young Jae Bahn, Yanling Wang, Pradeep Dagur, Nicholas Scott, ... Sushil G. Rane

Lin-Yun Chen, Li-Wen Wang, Jie Wen, Jing-Dong Cao, ... Xu Feng

Anand Desai, Zinger Yang Loureiro, Tiffany DeSouza, Qin Yang, ... Silvia Corvera

Samuel S. Boyd, Dakota R. Robarts, Khue Nguyen, Maite Villar, ... Chad Slawson

Felicianna, Emily K.K. Lo, Congjia Chen, Marsena J. Ismaiah, ... Hani El-Nezami

Neil V. Yang, Justin Y. Chao, Kelly A. Garton, Tommy Tran, ... Ronald M. Krauss

Yotam Voskoboynik, Andrew D. McCulloch, Debashis Sahoo

Jean-Christophe Helbling, Rachel Ginieis, Pierre Mortessagne, Mariano Ruiz-Gayo, ... Marie-Pierre Moisan

Justin B. Collier, Hong Soon Kang, Yun-Gil Roh, Chitrangda Srivastava, ... Anton M. Jetten

Lorraine Soares De Oliveira, Joseph E. Kaserman, Anne H. Van Der Spek, Nora J. Lee, ... Anthony N. Hollenberg

Yuqin Wu, Andrea Y. Chan, Jana Hauke, Okka Htin Aung, ... Adam J. Rose

Abel Oppong, Yat Hei Leung, Anindya Ghosh, Marie-Line Peyot, ... Marc Prentki

Katie C. Coate, Chunhua Dai, Ajay Singh, Jade Stanley, ... Alvin C. Powers

Anna-Sophia Egger, Eva Rauch, Suraj Sharma, Tobias Kipura, ... Marcel Kwiatkowski

Articles in Press

Mutsumi Katayama, Kazuhiro Nomura, Jonathan M. Mudry, Alexander V. Chibalin, ... Juleen R. Zierath

Valerie Espinal Abreu, Rachel Barnes, Vishnupriya Borra, Jennifer Schurdak, Diego Perez-Tilve

Renata T. Da Costa, Anna Nichenko, Matheus M. Perez, Malgorzata Tokarska-Schlattner, ... Maria E. Solesio

Roshanak Asgari, Maria Caceres-Valdiviezo, Sally Wu, Laurie Hamel, ... Sandra Pereira

Jordan Wean, Allison Ho Kowalsky, Rhianna Laker, Sarah Will, ... Randy J. Seeley

William Roell, Tamer Coskun, Teayoun Kim, Libbey O’Farrell, ... Kirk M. Habegger

You are what you eat

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