activity in skeletal muscle and, by extension, mitochondrial biogenesis. Dent and colleagues have now directly investigated the contribution of GCN5 to skeletal muscle metabolism and mitochondrial function [...] activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is an important contributor to mitochondrial biogenesis and function in skeletal muscle. Combined data from several studies implicate general control of amino

effect at the endocrine pancreas remains controversial and confusing. Body weight improvements in mice have been attributed to both GIP agonism and antagonism. To specifically address this dichotomy, Mroz [...] investigated the impact of acute and chronic treatment of non-diabetic, genetically wild-type, diet-induced obese mice with GIPR agonists. Their data substantiate GIPR agonism and not antagonism to promote body

release of insulin and thus accurately regulate blood glucose levels. The foregut is the major source of circulating dopamine (DA) and L-DOPA, which are synthesized from tyrosine. DA and L-DOPA might limit [...] the existence of a postprandial circuit of glucose homeostasis dependent on nutritional tyrosine. DA and L-DOPA derived from nutritional tyrosine may serve to defend against hypoglycemia via inhibition of

resting energy expenditure, supraphysiological nutritional requirements, and the systemic wasting of adipose tissue reserves and muscle tissue. In this context, the preservation of white adipose tissue [...] strategy to improve patient outcomes. Auger and colleagues demonstrate that metformin directly affects adipose tissue, independently of systemic effects, and that activation of protein phosphatase 2A in

cancer, obesity and diabetes are associated with abnormal cellular bioenergetics in various cell types (reviewed in. The most fundamental parameters of cellular bioenergetics are respiration and anaerobic-like [...] glycolysis, hereafter termed glycolysis. Cellular metabolism controls cell fate decisions and immune cell effector functions and vice versa, cell-intrinsic programs control metabolism. In addition, changing en [...] rewiring of redox networks . For instance, germinal center responses, plasma cell differentiation and humoral immunity require oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) in B cells, while pre germinal center B

a significant risk for the decline in muscular mass, affecting both older and adults, where it accelerates muscle atrophy, and adolescents, where it limits muscle growth. Studies on rats subjected to a [...] lifelong high-fat diet (HFD) have revealed a noteworthy negative correlation between muscle volume and adipose content. Full text All Articles

ic paraventricular nucleus (PVH), and these ARC-PVH projections are recognized as key regulators of food intake. Cabral, Fernandez, et al. provide neuroanatomical and functional evidence indicating that [...] that ARC-PVH projections undergo major morphological remodeling under fasting conditions, and growth hormone secretagogue receptor signaling is required for these effects.

peripartum/postpartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) and coronary heart disease, are among the leading causes of PP morbidity and mortality. Although socioeconomic status and the level of PP care can influence the mortality [...] unknown cause of heart failure, and (4) left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Prognosis remains poor, with full recovery reported in only 23% of affected individuals and 50% experiencing heart failure-related [...] studies in both humans and mouse models of PPCM have proposed several potential mechanisms, including inflammation, viral myocarditis, autoimmune reactions, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, resulting from

millions of people worldwide and in the development of medical science. This special issue of Molecular Metabolism takes us through the journey over this remarkable century and highlights several aspects [...] aspects of this discovery and its impact – both in diabetes and medical science – in a much broader way. Full text All Articles

obesity-linked diseases has been demonstrated in humans and in animal models, but the mechanisms of action are not yet fully elucidated. Anhê and colleagues investigated the potential of a polyphenol-rich [...] resistance, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. They demonstrate that CE polyphenols strongly improve liver homeostasis. This was associated with improvements in glucose tolerance and full

predisposed mice and diet as a cardiac stressor, Wilmanns, Pandey, and colleagues describe a preexisting imbalance in the metabolic state of ACHD hearts. The interaction between genetic and metabolic factors [...] drug widely used to treat type 2 diabetes, prevents cardiac dysfunction in the ACHD/obesity model and could therefore be considered a preventive intervention for heart failure in ACHD.

human populations and have been shown to regulate insulin secretion in vitro. The authors performed the first functional study of Dgk in flies and showed that it is involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism [...] Obesity is a complex disorder involving many genetic and environmental factors that are required to maintain energy homeostasis. Trinh et al. performed a large-scale in vivo screen for obesity-associated

acid oxidation and the release of fatty acids from adipose tissue while promoting lipogenesis. This creates a state of cellular “internal starvation” that drives both increased food intake and decreased energy [...] the post-prandial insulin and fasting glucose followed the CIM’s predictions in relation to the dietary carbohydrate. Fasting insulin, energy intake, energy expenditure, and body fat mass did not follow

BAT dysfunction and the contribution of this process to metabolic disorders. To identify functional lipid biomarkers of brown adipose tissue aging, Gohlke et al. combined metabolomic and proteomic analyses [...] Aging is a negative regulator of brown adipose tissue (BAT) formation and function. There is evidence that the effects of various lipid species on adipose tissue play a central role in the emergence of [...] analyses. These revealed that changes of several lipid classes and individual metabolite species correlate with adipose tissue aging. Among these, sphingolipids are significantly induced in aged BAT.

(GPCRs) expressed in white and brown adipose tissue have pleiotropic effects on energy and glucose homeostasis. There are four main families of G proteins: Gi/Go, Gq, Gs, and G12. In rodents, most of the [...] Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs), chemogenetically-engineered proteins that allow spatial and temporal control of G protein signaling in vivo. They report that Gs, but not Gi signaling in adipocytes